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19 pages 38 minutes read

The Young Housewife

Fiction | Poem | Adult | Published in 1916

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Themes

Sex

Even though the poem seems straightforward, its message about sex is complex and intricate. The sexual undertones form because of the way the speaker imagines the young housewife. They describe the mid-morning scene: “At ten A.M. the young housewife / moves about in negligee” (Lines 1-2). By this time, its implied that the young housewife’s husband has been at work for a few hours. The word “negligee” (Line 2) carries sexual connotations. Despite the mid-morning hour and her husband’s absence, the young housewife seems to crave sexual attention. The speaker then describes the young housewife as “shy” (Line 7) and “uncorseted” (Line 7). The words not only convey vulnerability, but they also convey a sense of insecurity. This juxtaposes the image of the young housewife calling “the ice-man, fish-man” (Line 6), which makes the woman seem forward in her personality and actions. The young housewife tucks in “stray ends of hair” (Line 8), an action that insinuates that she would like to be perceived as attractive by the working men she summons.

The sexual undertones are most apparent when they compare the young housewife to a “fallen leaf” (Line 9). The speaker then engages in running over “dried leaves” (Line 12) with their car. The speaker’s comparison of the housewife with a “fallen leaf” (Line 9) insinuates that they view the woman as an overtly sexual being, one who does not hide herself, her body, or her desires despite the modesty society and her husband may command. Thus, she becomes “fallen” (Line 9) if she participates in sexual relations with anyone but her husband. The speaker’s action of running over the “dried leaves” suggests the speaker has used the leaf/female comparison before, perhaps because of past sexual relations with other women similar to the housewife.

Identity and Objectification

While “The Young Housewife” embodies many themes pertaining to women and feminism, two of the most overt themes in the poem are identity and objectification. The way the speaker views the housewife is often perceived as sexist. How the speaker imagines the young housewife “behind / the wooden walls of her husband’s house” (Lines 2-3) initially places the young housewife as completely dependent upon her husband. The young housewife seems to have no autonomy separate from her husband’s. The speaker then resorts to a sexual image, which objectifies the young housewife, as they imagine the young housewife moving about the house wearing her “negligee” (Line 2). The speaker perceives the young housewife as transparent. They continue sexually objectifying the young housewife when they describe her as “uncorseted” (Line 7). These images are risqué, and during Williams’s time it could still be scandalous for a young housewife to appear “uncorseted” (Line 7), even momentarily, outside the privacy of the home. The speaker, however, seems rather non-judgmental. They drive by the young housewife and “bow” (Line 12) as they “pass smiling” (Line 12). This meek acknowledgment contrasts the previous objectifying tone and seems briefly appreciative of the housewife’s natural, untouched beauty.

Imprisonment

The speaker’s interpretation of the young housewife’s living situation conveys a sense of imprisonment. The speaker describes the young housewife as moving about “behind / the wooden walls of her husband’s house” (Lines 2-3). The phrase “husband’s house” implies that the young housewife has no financial or emotional ties to the house and that she is completely at the mercy of her husband. The young housewife’s situation contrasts with the speaker’s since the speaker implies they have freedom and a sense of autonomy: “I pass by solitary in my car” (Line 4). The speaker, unlike the housewife, enjoys a sense of self and ownership since the young housewife is confined by the physical barrier of the “wooden walls” (Line 3).

The speaker then observes the young housewife as she “comes to the curb” (Line 5). The curb seems to be the young housewife’s limits. From there, she calls “the ice-man, fish-man” (Line 6) and she “stands” (Line 6). Even though these are voluntary, independent acts, the young housewife is performing duties to maintain the household. Thus, the young housewife momentarily experiences freedom from the house’s physical barriers, but she is still imprisoned by the unspoken expectations of her domestic role.

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