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91 pages 3 hours read

The Red Umbrella

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2010

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Chapters 17-20Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 17 Summary: “Castro Adopts Brainwashing —Nevada State Journal, June 4, 1961”

Lucia lies awake in her top bunk in the dormitory. She is drained of emotion, and she hears several girls crying in the night. Finally, she falls asleep. In the morning she is awoken by the sound of a bell. Lucia’s bunkmate Angela tells her to hurry up so they can get hot showers before breakfast, but it is too late. They chat as they get dressed, and Angela explains that the boys are only brought over from their separate facility to visit for a short time each day, which makes Lucia worry about Frankie. In the line to get breakfast, all the girls speak Spanish, which is comforting, but “no matter how much [Lucia] wished everything was okay. It wasn’t” (168).

Angela explains that the facility is a temporary shelter for kids, who are sent to foster homes if no family or friends come for them. Lucia wonders if parents ever come for their kids, and Angela says, “Sure. I heard that happened a couple months ago to someone” (168). Angela will be leaving soon to move in with a foster family in Oregon.

The girls attend English class before heading outside to the central yard, where Frankie and Lucia are reunited. He complains about not getting to see Lucia enough and about the food. Frankie wants Lucia to do something so they can leave the facility, but she says there is nothing she can do and they should not add to their parents’ worries.

Chapter 18 Summary: “School Law Approved; Cuba Takes Over School Facilities —The New York Times, June 8, 1961”

Lucia and Frankie have been in Kendall for five days. With regimented daily routines and no privacy, Lucia feels like a prisoner. At 8:00 p.m., the lights go out for bedtime in the girls’ dormitory. In Cuba she would just be finishing dinner with her Mama and Papa at that time. After saying goodnight to Angela, Lucia climbs into her bunk to discover that Frankie is hiding under her covers. They whisper to one another quietly. Frankie is miserable, and he wants Lucia to write to their parents about it. Although Lucia is also unhappy, she does not wish to add to her parents’ struggles. Lucia agrees to let Frankie stay the night because it would be impossible to sneak him back to his dormitory. She sleeps soundly next to her brother for the first time since leaving Cuba, and she dreams of home and her mother’s cooking. She wakes when two figures approach her bed and discover Frankie.

Chapter 19 Summary: “Khrushchev Told Kennedy He Feels Cuba’s Castro Is Unstable —The Lincoln Evening Journal, June 8, 1961”

Mrs. Eckhart and Mr. Ramirez, the manager of the boys’ facility, discuss what to do with Frankie. Mr. Ramirez tells Lucia that this is Frankie’s fourth time attempting to sneak out, and Frankie knew there would be consequences. Mrs. Eckhart says Frankie will have to go to the Cuban Home for Boys, which is far away and would limit Lucia’s visits with him to once a week. Lucia begs the administrators to reconsider.

In their discussion Mr. Alvarez discovers that Lucia and Frankie are the children of Fernando Alvarez. Papa helped Mr. Ramirez at a low point in his life when he needed assistance. Papa even bought medication for one of his children, which inspired Mr. Ramirez to pursue a career helping children. With this new information, Mr. Ramirez suggests that Lucia and Frankie be sent to live with a foster family in Nebraska so they can stay together. Lucia and Frankie agree immediately. The next morning Lucia barely eats breakfast, feeling nervous about the change. She says goodbye to Angela, and the two girls agree to get in touch as soon as they return to Cuba. Lucia says that maybe Angela can attend her quinces, her 15th birthday party, in November.

Chapter 20 Summary: “Cuba, Berlin Present Long-Term Woes —The Herald-Press, June 9, 1961”

Lucia and Frankie wait for several hours in Chicago for their connecting flight to Lincoln, Nebraska. She imagines the beach, sand, and salty air she will find after arriving at her destination in Grand Island, Nebraska. She does not know where Grand Island is or realize that it is not actually an island. There is a tense moment in the airport when Lucia sees two men in trench coats. She imagines they are Chicago mobsters, like she has seen in American movies.

When they arrive in Nebraska, the airport is nearly deserted. Lucia and Frankie see an older couple holding a sign with their names on it. The older couple are the Baxters, Lucia and Frankie’s new foster family. Mrs. Baxter is a blond lady who talks too fast for Lucia to understand her, and Mr. Baxter does not speak at all. Mrs. Baxter “has read some horrible things about what’s been happening in Cuba,” and she says Lucia and Frankie “don’t have to worry about going back to Cuba” (192-93). Lucia clarifies that they will go back “when things get better, and Mama and Papa send for us” (194). After driving through miles of cornfields, Lucia learns that Grand Island is not really an island. Mrs. Baxter says she will teach the children English each day to help prepare them for school. Frankie falls asleep in the car, and Lucia daydreams about what her parents are doing back in Cuba. She wonders it Papa has found work, if they are getting involved in the rebellion, or if they are trying to assimilate into the system. Finally, Lucia wonders if she and Frankie “will be stuck here forever” (196).

Chapters 17-20 Analysis

As the setting changes from Cuba to the United States, Lucia continues to mature. By the end of Chapter 20, she is coming to terms with the reality that she may be staying in Nebraska for several months. In comparison, Frankie has a hard time accepting his fate. He continuously tries to run away at Kendall, and he begs Lucia to tell their parents to send for them right away. Lucia, as the older and more mature sibling, understands that her parents cannot send for them; revealing their distress would only add to their parents’ worries. Despite her uncertain circumstances, Lucia displays considerable maturity in reassuring Frankie and shielding her parents from their unhappiness.

Even so, Lucia is still under the impression that the political unrest in Cuba will die down and that she and Frankie will soon return home to Cuba. The US newspapers provide an outside perspective that shed doubt on Lucia’s hopes. The author continues to use these headlines to introduce dramatic irony, as the reader is aware that Lucia will not be reunited with her parents anytime soon. The newspapers reveal that the political climate in Cuba is even more fraught than before, with Castro attempting to indoctrinate the youth and take control of the schools. Given these circumstances, readers can infer that Mama and Papa will not send for their children.

As Lucia travels to Miami and then to Nebraska, cultural differences between the US and Cuba emerge as a theme. Mrs. Baxter has a different view of Cuba, one Lucia has not encountered before. Lucia still harbors hope that the political situation will resolve, but Mrs. Baxter says Lucia will never have to go back to Cuba, imagining that it is entirely violent and horrible. Despite her good intentions, Mrs. Baxter is completely ignorant of Lucia’s homesickness for the culture, food, and atmosphere of Cuba.

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