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Competition long has been the default within American society when it comes to solving problems or confronting injustice. It’s so ingrained that it often affects even our relationship to nature and what it has to offer. Giving up this sense of competition is vital to making progress in ourselves, our communities, our society, and in nature. All We Can Save gives multiple examples of the ways in which collaborating instead of competing allows us to progress toward a better future.
Competition for resources among humans is a persistent problem and has been for thousands of years. Today, though, this should not be an issue. There is enough for everyone, and yet a small percentage of people receive most of the resources that the planet has to offer while a larger percentage is left wanting. Naomi Klein quotes Greta Thunberg on this problem: “[W]e need a whole new way of thinking…we must stop competing with each other. We need to start cooperating and sharing the remaining resources of this planet in a fair way” (48). Cooperating and collaborating will bring about a much greater chance of survival overall than competition. Christine E. Nieves Rodriguez’s essay provides an example of a successful collaborative community experience after a hurricane in Puerto Rico. Rather than competing for resources (which would have been easy to resort to after such a devastating natural disaster), she and her community came together to support one another and make sure everyone was fed and taken care of. This way, she was able to get the care she needed while also making sure that other, possibly more vulnerable, people were taken care of.
Humans compete not only with one another but also with nature. Much of humankind’s relationship with the planet has been one of extraction, exploitation, and depletion. The Earth has now reached the point that it has begun to change and can’t provide for humans in the ways that it always has. Rather than pillaging the planet for all of the things we want, it’s time that we collaborate with the planet and find ways to nourish and regenerate what has been lost. One example of the mutually beneficial relationship that can exist with the Earth is ocean farming. Emily Stengel describes these ocean farms as needing no input of water, feed, fertilizer, or pesticides (297). In fact, not only do these farms need little from humans, but they actively work to restore the water to a better state. Seaweed and kelp act as carbon sequesters, oysters filter the ocean water, and the seaweed can act as animal feed, fertilizer, and bioplastics.
Shifting our attitude toward the Earth’s resources and the people in our communities will help to guide us toward collaborative healing. Janine Benyus suggests that as we acknowledge the importance of sharing, “[W]e can return to our role as nurturers” and bring the planet and each other back to life (13).
Racial inequality is a clear byproduct of climate change. Environmental disasters have disproportionately affected communities of color because of climate gentrification and displacement, making these communities much more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than other demographics.
Frontline communities are often made up of people of color and/or Indigenous people. These communities often face disproportionate exposure to toxic pollutants because of their proximity to coal plants, mines, and other corporate activities that emit dangerous levels of carbon dioxide and fossil fuels. This exposure causes long-term health issues in frontline communities, making them even more vulnerable to climate change.
Gentrification is the process in which historically marginalized communities are pushed out and priced out of their homes and communities by affluent residents moving in. Climate gentrification is the same process, but in areas where affluent people are relocating for climate change reasons; one example of this is when high-income households relocate from flood-prone coastal areas to higher elevation properties, displacing the people who live there. Sarah Miller describes this phenomenon in regards to Miami Beach, Florida.
One reason for these kinds of inequality is the fact that many decision-makers and people in power don’t take the time to listen to historically marginalized communities. The people who are most impacted by policies that leaders are making are the ones whose voices go unheard. Climate change solutions must be developed in an inclusive way so that climate change does not exacerbate racial inequality.
In this sense, climate solutions offer an opportunity to address racial injustice. Jacqui Peterson writes that “we must have a radical transformation from extracting, polluting, and dominating policies and practices that negatively impact our communities to regenerative, cooperative systems that uplift all rights for all people” (200). Unless our climate solutions are intersectional and work with all people in mind, we will have failed: “The work of addressing climate change is inseparable from the work of healing injustice and dismantling racism” (273).
The authors in All We Can Save provide many ideas for how to create active solutions to climate change. A common sentiment throughout the book is that our current systems are not working to eradicate climate change. The leadership, economy, and social institutions that currently exist are not doing enough to make meaningful developments. It is therefore up to regular people who care about the environment to join organizations and communities and come up with creative solutions for our warming planet. It’s time for all Americans to engage in politics at a local and national level and vote for people who will make decisions with the planet and future generations in mind.
Many of the authors recognize that it’s easy to resort to passive resignation when we realize how much work needs to be done to eliminate fossil fuels and reduce carbon emissions. This sense of being overwhelmed is such a common symptom of facing climate change that a new field of ecopsychology has developed to discuss and treat eco-anxiety, climate grief, pre-traumatic stress disorder, and other climate-related mental health conditions (238). These are all valid reactions, and it’s important to honor those. Nevertheless, burnout ultimately deprives us of our ability to engage in the fight against climate change.
The actionable ideas the writers in this book provide help provide a sense of hope and purpose to those who might be struggling. For example, Jane Zelikova gives ideas for how to improve our relationship to the soil in ways that could reduce carbon emissions: These include “reducing tillage, planting a diversity of crops, and growing cover crops” (290). Emily Stengel provides a model for regenerative ocean farming, a process that can filter ocean water and sequester carbon from the atmosphere (297). Judith D. Schwartz describes the process that one couple discovered of collecting rainwater using rain barns or barrels (312). All We Can Save devotes particular attention to designing buildings and landscapes with the climate in mind. Jainey K. Bavishi describes one project in New York City that brought together communities and professional designers to come up with solutions to prevent flooding (162). Amanda Sturgeon proposes implementing biophilic design into our homes to connect humans to their natural environment in a way that has been lost for centuries (167).
Some of the actions All We Can Save proposes are less tangible. Favianna Rodriguez takes an artist’s point of view and writes that culture and storytelling have the potential to shape society; this means that we need more “compelling and relatable stories that show us what a just, sustainable, and healthy world can look like” (121). We must all engage in the process of building a culture where we tell stories about the environment and cultures from different points of view and using different mediums. Rodriguez suggests that giving artists and culture-makers of color a platform will engage those who are most marginalized and motivate them to join in the transformation that is necessary for our society.
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